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20世纪初期中国文学“革命话语”的发展及其现代意义

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发表于 2008-10-11 10:02:51 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪中国文学而言,“革命话语”或曰“革命”,曾一直扮演着重要的角色。“革命话语”在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪文学不同历史阶段出现,对推动这一时期文学的发展、阶段性的更迭乃至“断裂”,均产生深远的影响。不仅如此,“文学革命”和社会革命相得益彰的客观事实,又为文学之“革命”本身赋予了诸多外在的意义,并进而导致其内在的“质变”,即这种现实不但常常使文学层面上的“革命性话语”负载“政治文化”色彩,而且,也在极大程度上改变着这一时期文学的面貌。因此,所谓</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪中国文学的“革命话语”在实际上就是一个历史和文学共构的问题。当然,正如文学与革命本身就是一个涵义复杂的意识形态范畴,文学在面向革命时不但有艺术上的变化,还包含着创作主体自身心态意识的“文化焦虑”。这样,文学的“革命性话语”就在包容“知识-权力”关系的过程中,为人们提供一个分析的样本:即使忽视“革命”的现代性意义,“革命话语”的嬗变也自足的构成了一部文学的历史,而本文从嬗变过程和现代意义的角度探讨二者的关系,也正是基于这样的前提。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 144.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 11.97; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 88.55pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 7.35; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">一、梁启超首倡“革命”之新义</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">按照陈建华先生在其著作《“革命”的现代性——中国革命话语考论》中的说法,最早语出《易经》“天地革而四时成,汤、武革命,顺乎天而应乎人,革之时义大矣!”的“革命话语”,“向来构成儒家政治文化和中国政治模式的基石,也是现代中国革命意识形态形成的基础。”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[1]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">显然地,在传统文化中,“革命”一词的基本含义是武力作用下的改朝换代并具有相应的合理性。然而,随着历史的推移,对“革命”及其相关话语的认识却逐渐发生了语义上的变化。以近代社会文化语境中呈现的世界性视野来看,“革命话语”的使用一直在特定时期内具有鲜明的域外色彩。戊戌变法失败后,流亡日本的梁启超因很快发现日人将英语</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">revolution</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">一词译成“革命”,但其意义却并非仅指政权的激烈交替,也指“群治中一切万事莫不有”的“淘汰”或“变革”,便开始大力鼓吹“革命”之新义,进而期待中国能够仿效明治维新,以和平方式完成社会的政治现代化。上述努力造就了梁启超虽“并非使革命话语在现代复活的第一人,但他肯定是在现代意义上使用‘革命’并使之在中土普及的第一人。”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[2]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不过,梁启超对“革命话语”的提倡毕竟是带有一定程度的“转译”色彩,他在广义范畴上的使用“革命”,虽然可以使中国“革命”融入到世界意义的“双元革命”之中,并具有强烈的“启蒙”主义色彩</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[3]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,但这种颇具英国“光荣革命”的意义使用,并不能在现实中达到中国传统文化“革命”的程度并与当时的社会情境相一致——正如以历史的眼光来看,中外诸多历史学家都曾以“大陆国家的革命有其类似性”或曰“大陆性格”为因由,将中国革命与法国革命进行类的归属</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[4]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,因而,近代的“革命话语”虽从广义的角度出发,但最终却落脚于狭义的激进主义窠臼之中,这一点,即使对于文学来说,也概莫能外。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在写于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1899</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月的《汗漫录》(即《夏威夷游记》)中,梁启超曾以引人瞩目的“三长”,即“新意境”、“新语句”、“古风格”提出“诗界革命”的主张——</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">吾论诗宗旨大略如此。然以上所举诸家,皆片鳞只甲,未能确然成一家言,且其所谓欧洲意境语句,多物质上琐碎粗疏者,于精神思想上未有之也。虽然,即以学界论之,欧洲之真精神、真思想,尚且未输入中国,况于诗界乎?此固不足怪也。吾虽不能诗,惟将竭力输入欧洲之精神思想,以供来者之诗料乎?要之,支那非有诗界革命,则诗运殆将绝。虽然,诗运无绝之时也。今日者革命之机渐熟,而哥仑布玛赛郎之出世必不远矣。上所举者,皆其革命军月晕楚润之征也,夫诗又其小焉者也。”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[5]<p></p></font></span></sup></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">梁启超以自铸新词的方式提出的“诗界革命”以及稍后的“文界革命”,显然带有明确的功利目的:通过输入“欧洲之真精神真思想”,和将“革命”嵌入以诗歌为代表的文类之中,进行“欲造新国”的思想启蒙,毫无疑问,这是梁启超当时从事的维新事业的一个重要组成部分。然而,在传统文化现存“革命”之意义特别是当时具有“反满革命”以及“武装勤王”的现实条件下,“诗界革命”话语一出,便促进了诗歌中激进的革命意识:蒋智由盛赞法国革命并得到传诵的《卢骚》:“世人皆曰杀,法国一卢骚。民约昌新义,君威扫旧骄。力填平等路,血灌自由苗。文字收功日,全球革命潮!”丘逢甲的《论诗次铁庐韵》其二的“迩来诗界唱革命,谁果独尊吾未逢。流尽玄黄笔头血,茫茫词海战群龙”;林辂存赠潘飞声的诗“廿纪龙螭战斗纷,亚东莽莽起风云。山人独立观天演,诗界新编革命军”等等,都充分显示了外来话语与本土传统话语碰撞之后,产生的独特效果以及“革命”赋予文学的战斗性。尽管,梁启超在发觉“革命原义”被改变后,在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1903</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年《释革》一文中写下了“夫淘汰也,变革也,岂惟政治上为然耳,凡群治中一切万事万物莫不有焉。以日人之译名言之,则宗教有宗教之革命,道德有道德之革命,学术有学术之革命,文学有文学之革命,风俗有风俗之革命,产业有产业之革命。即今日中国新学小生之恒言,固有所谓经学革命、史学革命、文界革命、诗界革命、曲界革命、小说界革命、音乐界革命、文字革命等种种名词矣,若此者,岂常与朝廷、政府有毫发之关系?而皆不得不谓之革命,闻革命二字则骇,而不知其本义实变革而已;革命可骇,则变革其亦可骇耶?呜呼,其亦不可思而已……”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[6]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">妄图重新定义“革命”一词的含义,但无论是将</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">revolution</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">同“以暴制暴”之“革命”区分开来,还是“革命”在当时接受过程中顺应激烈变革的现实政治要求,都说明“革命话语”几经演变,却始终难以摆脱历史的认识轨迹。至邹容《革命军》出,“革命话语”已在“天演之公例”和“世界之公理”中海内风动,而造成这一普遍社会心理的原因,除了清王朝已确然日暮西山,更为重要地,还有“革命话语”在承当激变与暴力的过程中,为人们留下了平等和民主的期待。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 118.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 9.8; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">二、胡适和陈独秀“文学革命”的立场</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">无论从历史还是文学自身的标准来看,“五四”新文化运动中诞生的现代中国文学都从属于一个崭新的历史阶段。在这个持续的过程中,“文学革命”一词不但以宣言的形式成为开路先锋,而且,这次“革命”也确实在落实到语言、文字等文学内在质素的同时,指向了中国传统文学的本身,并在合成一词的过程中贯穿始终。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“文学革命”依然选择了具有“身份象征”的诗歌作为“革命”的对象,但其最终目的却是通过形式的彻底颠覆掀开文学的崭新一页。作为五四文学革命的发难者同时又始终坚持进化论观点的胡适,无疑是在历史认知的过程中,体味到了一种语言上的自觉。比如,在解释原本由于“游戏诗”而于《戏和叔永再赠诗》中初步提出的“方案”,即“诗国革命何自始?要须作诗如作文”时,胡适就曾有“略谓今日文学大病,在于徒有形式而无精神,徒有文而无质,徒有铿锵之韵貌似之辞而已。今欲救此文胜之弊,宜从三事入手:第一,须言之有物;第二,须讲文法;第三,当用‘文之文字’时不可避之”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[7]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的论述。至</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="21" month="8" year="1916"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1916</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">21</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">寄给陈独秀的信时,胡适已经在对比历史的前提下,形成了自己“文学革命”的主张,即为“八事”——</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年来思虑观察所得,以为今日欲言文学革命,须从八事入手。八事者何?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(一)不用典。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(二)用陈套语。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(三)不讲对仗。(文当废骈,诗当废律)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(四)不避俗字俗语。(不嫌以白话作诗词)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(五)须讲求文法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 2.29gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">此皆形式上之革命也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(六)不作无病之呻吟。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(七)不摹仿古人,话语须有个我在。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(八)须言之有物。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">此皆精神上之革命也。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US">[8]</span></sup></b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></b></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">而后,胡适又以此“八事”为核心,并在调整顺序后冠名为《文学改良刍议》发表在</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="1" month="1" year="1917"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《新青年》第二卷第五号上。胡适的“文学改良”主张得到了陈独秀的支持,在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月《新青年》第二卷第六号上,陈独秀发表了著名的《文学革命论》。在“文学革命之气运,酝酿已非一日,其首举义旗之急先锋,则为吾友胡适。余甘冒全国学究之敌,高张‘文学革命军’大旗,以为吾友之声援”的声势下,陈独秀提出著名的“吾革命军三大主义:曰,推倒雕琢的阿谀的贵族文学,建设平易的抒情的国民文学;曰,推倒陈腐的铺张的古典文学,建设新鲜的立诚的写实文学;曰,推倒迂晦的艰涩的山林文学,建设明了的通俗的社会文学。”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[9]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">一场轰轰烈烈的文学革命就此开始了。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对于“文学革命”中诞生的白话新诗,胡适无疑是开一代风气之人。但如果从历史的角度看,胡适在“文学革命”中的实践,却与“文学革命”本身以及整个新文化运动的走向并不一致,而且,这种“不一致”又集中体现在一种文化层面上的“革命性焦虑”以及他对“革命”一词的态度上。在作于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1915</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">17</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日夜的《送梅觐庄往哈佛大学诗》</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">中,胡适曾写道:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><personname wst="on" productid="梅"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">梅</span></personname><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">君<personname wst="on" productid="梅">梅</personname>君毋自鄙。神州文学久枯馁,百年未有健者起。新潮之来不可止,文学革命其时矣。吾辈势不容坐视,且复号召二三子,革命军前杖马箠,鞭挞驱除一车鬼,再拜迎入新世纪。以此报国未云菲,缩地戡天差可儗。<personname wst="on" productid="梅">梅</personname>君<personname wst="on" productid="梅">梅</personname>君毋自鄙。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在这里,胡适明显是在继承了晚清“诗界革命”精神的基础上,以“适应时代”、“超越前人”的口吻和气势,“第一次”提出了“文学革命”的口号,而且,在</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“以此报国”、“缩地戡天”的表述中,人们也可以明确感受他将文学作为一项事业,并希望由此来报效国家的信心。但必须指出的是,胡适以“白话新诗”为“语言-形式”依托的“革命”主张,除了继承晚清“诗界革命”面向社会现实的精神和积极向西方寻求文化参照外,还常常在融合其留学经历的基础上,体现出一种实验主义精神</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><font face="Times New Roman">
                                        <span lang="EN-US">[10]</span></font></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">;而作为自由知识分子不急功近利和对政治始终采取的“不感兴趣的兴趣”(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">disinterested-interest</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)、“这种兴趣是一个知识分子对社会应有的责任”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[11]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的态度,也决定其在革故鼎新的时候,采取从“基础”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[12]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">做起的行为方式。</span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">尽管,胡适的《文学改良刍议》和陈独秀的《文学革命论》,都为推动五四新文化运动起到了号角式的作用,然而,无论从立场还是目标实现上,胡适与陈独秀都是不同的。由于胡适始终站在自由知识分子的立场上,强调人格独立和从“一点一滴”式的实验主义精神,所以,他总是采取从“文的形式”入手,探讨问题,并对“革命话语”的激进层面一直保持着疏离的态度,这种态度,决定了胡适“文学革命”归根结底是以改革文学语言工具为原点的“文体革命”,而有关这一点,在他寄给陈独秀信时对“八事”的进一步解释特别是将“文学革命”变为“文学改良”,并加上“刍议”二字进行发表,以及书写《建设的文学革命论》中得到了具体地证明</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[13]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。即使在五四运动爆发之后,面对着“文学革命”正日益为思想革命、政治革命所取代的事实,胡适仍然以倡导“工具”和“利器”的方式坚守语言与形式的渐进变革,比如,在《我为什么要做白话诗?》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">即“《尝试集》自序”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">中,胡适就曾写道:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">我们认定文字是文学的基础,故文学革命的第一步就是文字问题的解决。我们认定‘死文字决不能产生活文学’,故我们主张若要做一种活的文学,必须用白话来做文学的工具。我们也知道单有白话未必就能造出新文学;我们也知道新文学必须要有新思想做里子。但是我们认定文学革命须有先后的程序:先要做到文字体裁的大解放,方才可以用来做新思想新精神的运输品。我们认定白话实在有文学的可能,实在是新文学的唯一利器。</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[14]<p></p></font></span></sup></b></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">而在被奉为新诗理论的“金科玉律”的《谈新诗》中,胡适更是以一种历史和世界的眼光明确的指出:“我常说,文学革命的运动,不论古今中外,大概都是从‘文的形式’一方面下手,大概都是先要求语言文字文体等方面的大解放。……近几十年来西洋诗界的革命,是语言文字和文体的解放。这一次中国文学的革命运动,也是先要求语言文字和文体的解放。”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[15]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">胡适的“革命”态度使其在“文学革命”时代同时活跃在两个战线上:他一方面反对激进的革命思潮,一方面又极力推进自己理想中温和的“文学革命”。<span style="COLOR: black;">不过,必须看到的是,特定时期的社会主潮已经决定了五四新文化运动从一开始就不是一场独立的文艺运动,而是一个从属于广泛的社会政治、思想启蒙的重要组成部分;不但如此,这次启蒙运动本身也带有明确的目的,那就是通过思想革命的方式进行民族自救与发展,使日益衰败的古老国家重新崛起于现代的“</span>断层”。相比之下,陈独秀对待“革命”一词的使用则更多充斥着“政治焦虑”——尽管,陈独秀在《文学革命论》中为胡适进行了强有力的支持,但所谓“予愿拖四十二生的大炮,为之前驱”的“三大主义”更多表达的是作者反对虚伪、陈腐、艰涩的封建旧文学、建设新文学的历史要求——由于作者认为“欲革新政治,势不得不革新盘踞于运用此政治者精神界之文学”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[16]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,因此,“三大主义”在本质就更偏重创造新文学的社会内容和政治意图。显然,陈独秀是从社会斗争、思想启蒙的高度来认识文学革命的任务的:他把“文学革命”作为反封建文化和革新政治的重要通道——这种将不同层面的“革命话语”统摄为一体,即把“文学革命”纳入到政治革命和思想革命的论述,在当时普遍感受危机和社会处于激烈变动的形势下,无疑是具有极强的宣传力度的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 106.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 8.82; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 123.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 10.29; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">三、“革命文学”的发展脉络</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对于胡适以改革语言工具为第一步,即先从“文的形式”入手的主张,其实,早在五四运动之前就已遭到质疑。比如,在《思想革命》一文中,周作人就曾指出:“我想文学这事务,本合文字与思想两者而成。表现思想的文字不良,固然足以阻碍文学的发达。若思想本质不良,徒有文字,也有什么用处呢?……这单变文字不变思想的改革,也怎能算是文学革命的完全胜利呢?”因此,他在文章的结尾处主张:“所以我说,文学革命上文字改革是第一步,思想改革是第二步,却比第一步更为重要。我们不可对于文字一方面过于乐观了,闲却了这一面的重大问题。”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[17]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">周作人的观点随即得到了傅斯年的响应,不过,却已被纳入到更为明确的政治轨道之上,在“我以为未来的真正中华民国,还须借着文学革命的力量造成”的前提下,傅斯年在《白话文学与心理的改革》一文中指出:“到了现在,大家应该有一个根本的觉悟了:形式的革新——就是政治的革新——是不中用的了,须得有精神上的革新——就是运用政治的思想的革新——去支配一切。”在不满当时政治的态度下,傅斯年希望以文学实现政治之使命,即“想把这思想革命运用成功,必须以新思想夹在新文学里”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[18]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的意图自然是十分明显的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">五四运动之后,随着社会现实的危机日益加剧,文学社会化、政治化的倾向也日趋彰显出来,这种发展趋势不但反映单纯从“文的形式”下手已经无法与时代主潮合拍,同样也制约着文学本身不断显现出政治化的倾向。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代是“文学革命”转向“革命文学”的年代,这一点,借用创造社理论家成仿吾的文章题目即为“从文学革命到革命文学”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代社会形式日趋严峻和党派政治斗争的加剧是文学不断革命化的重要原因,而革命化后的文学也在赋予宣传、工具意义之后增添了阶级属性和暴力反抗的色彩。在这一时期,文学中的“革命话语”除了体现为将“革命”二字处于标题的醒目位置进而大谈“革命”,就是在探讨“革命”与文学关系的同时,如何限定“革命文学”的内容以及对创作的主体即革命文学家提出要求,这样,文学意义上的“革命话语”便在颠倒五四时代“文学革命”的提法后,产生了新的历史内容。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代较早探讨二者关系的文章,如早期共产党人恽代英的《文学与革命》和沈泽民的《文学与革命的文学》为例,诸如“倘若你希望做一个革命文学家,你第一件事是要投身于革命事业,培养你的革命的感情”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[19]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、“一个革命的文学者,实是民众情绪生活的组织者。这就是革命的文学家在这革命的时代中所能成就的事业!”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[20]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">式的强调“斗争实践”的论断,是非常普遍的一种逻辑方式。这种强调文学功用意识和实践功能的言论走向极致,便是在“革命时代”将文学区别为“革命的文学”和“反革命的文学”之后,提出“文学是永远革命的,真正的文学是只有革命文学的一种。所以真正的文学永远是革命的前驱,而革命的时期中总会有一个文学的黄金时代出现”,进而以数学公式的形式将其简约为——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">革命文学=<span lang="EN-US">F</span>(时代精神)<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">更简单表示的时候,便是:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">文学=<span lang="EN-US">F</span>(革命)</span><font face="Times New Roman"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">[21]</span></sup></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“革命”与“文学”之间关系的大而化之直至融为一体,当然与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代革命斗争形式加剧和俄苏无产阶级文艺思想的输入密不可分,但相应地,文学上“革命”的限定也更为集中和明确。这是一个彻底告别五四时期胡适式“文学革命”的时代,而且,这一时期文学中的“革命话语”更多是以取消文学自身的独立性为前提的。虽然,这种提法本身就已历史地认同了“革命文学”的自然产生及其唯一合法性,并进而以阶级属性的观念简单、笼统的限制了文学本身,但以历史的眼光来看,却对日后无产阶级文学的诞生,起到了不可忽视的促进作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">或许只有如此,才可以理解在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1928</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年“革命文学”论争热潮中,为何通过“回顾历史”的“转变式”甚或“断裂式”言论,会成为“建设革命文学”和“展望未来”的重要方向。在针对现实时,不断强调“反省”后“完成我们的文学革命”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[22]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的呼声中,成仿吾的“从文学革命到革命文学”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[23]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,和李初梨在《怎样地建设革命文学》中提出的——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">“为革命而文学”,不是<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">“为文学而革命”,<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">我们的作品,是<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">“由艺术的武器<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">到武器的艺术”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US">[24]<p></p></span></sup></b></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">都堪称在“革命文学”论争中的“经典论述”。这些言论不但将文学紧紧的捆绑在“革命”的战车上,还使“革命文学”在更为严密的逻辑关系中逐步形成了自己的建设性主张以及创作规范。这些主张虽然对于文学时显得意义简单、理解机械,但对于革命来说,却从不乏真实的情感:革命的浪漫谛克、普罗文学以及左翼文学都可以在其中找到思想的源头,而且,“革命化”的文学也决定了写作的倾向和文学生产、出版的机制。在这一历史情景下,文学的“革命话语”实际上已经完全驾驭了文学,并为其指出了发展的方向。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 94.45pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 7.84; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">四、“革命话语”的现代意义</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在完成于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1927</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年的《湖南农民运动考察报告》一文中,毛泽东曾这样写道:“革命是暴动,是一个阶级推翻一个阶级的暴烈的行动。”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[25]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">这种定义明显体现了阶级斗争与暴力革命相互结合的主张。尽管,此时的“革命”仍然保持着传统的字样,但以历史的眼光来看,却包含着十九世纪以来新型社会意识形态的因素。由此,联系此后革命浪潮风起云涌的历史场景,不难想象在此语境下的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪中国文学将怎样被纳入到革命史的进程当中。从五四时期文学革命的发端至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代“文学革命到革命文学”的历史性转变,再到之后的左翼文学不断从民族、国家的高度为“革命”服务,经由外来文化刺激、滋生的文学革命话语与革命意识,虽不能像革命一样本身可以构成一部自足的历史,但却可以通过不断闪现的“话语”方式,构筑起一道独特的现代历史风景,而作为一个文学发展的历史过程,将其称之为文学“革命”的现代化也似乎并不过分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">无论从何种角度看待</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪中国文学,其“现代性”的历史进程以及“革命”的历史进程都会由于文学内部更迭而发端于五四时期的“文学革命”,但作为对一个独特话语的聚焦性考察,却可以将“历史”进行适当的前移。在本文已经研讨的三个历史阶段的基础上,不难看出:所谓自晚清时代逐步展开的“革命话语”、“文学革命”和“革命文学”,虽在语义程度上几经转变,但始终没有摆脱传统文化“革命”一词的意义。“革命”不是局部的改良和亦步亦趋的“渐变”,不但是这一词语本身常常充满紧张和焦虑的前提,同时,也是文学长期处于运动式、浪漫式以及争鸣状态的重要根源,因此,对待文学意义上的“革命话语”正和对待“革命”本身一样,都需要一个历史和辩证的认识过程。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以“革命话语”的方式审视</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪文学,只有先验地承认文学的社会意义、功用意识之后,才能反思其他层面的问题。毫无疑问,从革命的现代性层次理解文学的历史,所谓以社会革命的标准对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪文学进行历史分期是不言而喻的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪文学究竟是审美与功用并置,或是二者程度的孰高孰低,从来不能简单归结于文学的自然属性。革命赋予文学的内容只有首先从国家主体、民族意识和启蒙的角度上进行理解,才能赋予一个现代民族国家主体想象的生动历史和情绪表达的动机与意义;而之后,才是文学之“革命”本身可以为人们带来何种道德伦理意识。这一点,借用威廉·</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">H<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. </b></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">布兰察德在《革命道德》阐释“群众的革命运动”的论述,即为“其首要目的是促成一场群众的道德觉悟,这在某些方面类似于宗教启示”,不但如此,“革命”也是造成“痛苦与道德之间内在关联”的重要前提——“当人们与普遍接受的社会价值或者某种既定的权威力量发生冲突的时候,对个人的道德标准的真正考验便到来了。”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[26]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代之后逐步围绕“革命”而演化出的“民族化”、“大众化”,以及历次相关的口号和论争中,上述标准不但被反复使用,而且,还在习以为常的“二元对立”模式中日益苛刻起来,并最终造就了一部作家人格心态的历史与文学意义上的历史相去甚远的“历史”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪中国文学从“革命话语”的方式予以析分,可以因“文革”结束一分为二为两段历史,至于此前历史阶段可以进行更为细小的划分,其实也无外乎文学革命程度的高低而已。从特定的历史看待文学,现代国家民族的想象使文学、语言和写作都变得“现实”起来。应当说,与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪外国文学主潮相比,政治文化语境和“革命”话语制约下的现代主义并不占有主要地位或至少在相当长的时期内发展并不充分。不过,作为一种对比后的“滞后性效果”,无论现实主义和浪漫主义在冠以“革命”一词后经历怎样的流变,其实质都无法摆脱“革命”的内在品性。即使进入当代以来,“革命时代”的历史题材和社会主义建设性题材也同样无法置身事外,而在此基础上的“再造想象”甚至迷狂都充溢着“革命”的气质,因此,从某种意义上说,所谓“革命”以及围绕此而产生的话题必将成为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪中国文学艺术特征中不可或缺的一环。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对革命焦虑的双面思考,有利于重新认识“文学的形式”以及这一焦虑本身的内在局限。如果按照胡适从“基础”作起的主张,当然可以拓展文学与语言之间更为广阔的空间。即便对于“革命文学”而言,鲁迅在论争中针对部分“革命家”发出的“总喜欢说文学和革命是大有关系的,例如可以用这来宣传,鼓动,煽动,促进革命和完成革命。不过我想,这样的文章是无力的,因为好的文艺作品,向来多是不受别人命令,不顾厉害,自然而然地从心中流露的东西……为革命起见,要有‘革命人’,‘革命文学’倒无须急急,革命人做出东西来,才是革命文学。”</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[27]</font></span></sup></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">也确然清醒地论述了二者之间应有的“务实”关系,这些思考都为日后人们反思历史留下了视角转换时的线索,同时,也为文学处于“革命”之中仍能表现自身的力量而感到惊讶不已。沈从文、张爱玲的作品无疑都鲜明地呈现出与“革命时代”主流文学相异的路数,但他们在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">80</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代之后“重新提升”自己的历史地位本身就与一种冷静的“历史反思”密不可分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“革命话语”应当从文学中保持自己适当的位置,这或许是重新检视“革命”文学历史的一个必然结果。事实上,对于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">世纪中国文学来说,“革命”的跌宕起伏和在人们观念意义上的期许都与“革命”本身的现代性认识有关,“革命”的追求与反思已在自足构成历史的前提下,预设了未来文学史的分期和界限,而这,正蕴含了“革命”成为文学记忆并反复言说的种种可能。</span></p>
 楼主| 发表于 2008-10-11 10:03:27 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">注释:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[1]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">陈建华:《“革命”的现代性:中国革命话语考论》,上海:上海古籍出版社,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年版,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">24</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">页。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[2]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">出处同上,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">13</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">页。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[3][</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">英</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">艾瑞克·霍布斯鲍姆:《革命的年代》,南京:江苏人民出版社,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1999</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年版</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,24~25</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">页。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[4]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佟德志:《民主革命失败的病理分析》,即</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">法</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">古斯塔夫·勒庞:《革命心理学》之“代译序”,长春:吉林人民出版社,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2004</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年版。其中,除勒庞认为中国革命与法国革命类似外,引用的历史学家还包括陈寅恪和黄仁宇。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[5]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">梁启超:《汗漫录》,《饮冰室合集》“专集之二十二”,北京:中华书局,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1989</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年重印版。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[6]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">梁启超:《释革》,《饮冰室合集》“文集之九”,北京:中华书局,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1989</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年重印版。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[7]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">胡适:《梅觐庄论文学改良》,作于</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="3" month="2" year="1916"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1916</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,《胡适日记全编》“第</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">册”之“</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1915</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span></b><chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="”" sourcevalue="1917" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">”</span></b></chmetcnv><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">336</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">337</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">页。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[8]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">胡适的“八事”,原本出于</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="19" month="8" year="1916"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1916</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">胡适致朱经农的信,但原信已无从考证。这里,所谓“八事”主要是参考了胡适</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="21" month="8" year="1916"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1916</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">21</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的日记,即为《胡适日记》中的《文学革命八条件》,见《胡适日记全编》“第</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">册”之“</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1915</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span></b><chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="”" sourcevalue="1917" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">”</span></b></chmetcnv><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">464</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">465</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">页。而关于《寄陈独秀》的信,尽管是发表在</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="1" month="10" year="1916"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1916</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《新青年》第二卷第二期上,并在收录</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1921</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年亚东图书馆初版的《胡适文存》和</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1935</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年良友图书印刷公司和《中国新文学大系》“建设理论卷”时,皆署时间为“民国五年十月”,但对于胡适而言,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1916</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月显然无写作时间。又因为《寄陈独秀》的内容与《胡适日记》中</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="21" month="8" year="2007"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">21</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的两则相同,故写作时间为</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="21" month="8" year="1916"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1916</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">21</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[9][16]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">陈独秀:《文学革命论》,</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="1" month="2" year="1917"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《新青年》第二卷第六期。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[10]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">对于这种实验主义精神,胡适自己认为主要是来自在美国留学时,受他老师杜威的影响。具体可参见《胡适留学日记》“自序”,后收入《胡适日记全编》“第</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">册”之“</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1910</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span></b><chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="”" sourcevalue="1914" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1914</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">”</span></b></chmetcnv><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">58</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">页。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[11]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">唐德刚:《胡适口述自传》,合肥:安徽教育出版社,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年版,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">39</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">页。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[12]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">比如,在写于</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="31" month="1" year="1916"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1916</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">31</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的致</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">H.S.</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">维廉斯教授的英文文章《论革命》一文中,胡适曾写道:“吾并非指责革命,因为,吾相信,这也是人类进化之一必经阶段。可是,吾不赞成早熟之革命,因为,它通常是徒劳的,因而是一事无成的。……作为个人来说,吾倒宁愿从基础建设起。吾一贯相信,通向开明而有效之政治,无捷径可走。”《胡适日记全编》“第</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">册”之“</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1915</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span></b><chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="”" sourcevalue="1917" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">”</span></b></chmetcnv><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">335</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">页。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[13]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">关于《文学改良刍议》的题目问题,胡适的《逼上梁山》和由唐德刚记录的《胡适口述自传》都有所描述。如《胡适口述自传》中曾记录:“‘文学革命’一词在我的诗和信里都时常提到,在朋友们给我的信中也时常提起。……可是当我第一次要把我们一年多讨论的结果,和我自己的结论,撰写成文章,送到国内发表的时候,为考虑到那无可怀疑的老一辈保守分子的反对,我觉得我要把这一文题写得温和而谦虚。所以我用这个题目,说明是改良而非革命;同时那只是个‘刍议’,而非教条式的结论。”而在《逼上梁山》中,则有“我受了在美国的朋友的反对,胆子变小了,态度变谦虚了,所以此文标题但称《文学改良刍议》,而全篇不敢提起‘文学革命’的旗子。”</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[14]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">胡适:《我为什么要做白话诗?》</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">即“《尝试集》自序”</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,《新青年》,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1919</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月第六卷第五号。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[15]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">胡适:《谈新诗》,原载</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="10" month="10" year="1919"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1919</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《星期评论》,后收入《中国新文学大系》“建设理论卷”。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[17]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">周作人(仲密):《思想革命》,</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="2" month="3" year="1919"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1919</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《每周评论》</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">期。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[18]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">傅斯年:《白话文学与心理的改革》,</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="1" month="5" year="1919"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1919</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《新潮》第一卷第五号。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[19]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">恽代英:《文学与革命》(与王秋心的通信),</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1924</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月《中国青年》</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">31</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">期。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[20]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">沈泽民:《文学和革命的文学》,</span></b><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="6" month="11" year="1924"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1924</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《觉悟》。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[21]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">郭沫若:《革命与文学》,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1926</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月《创造月刊》第</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卷第</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">期。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[22]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">成仿吾:《完成我们的文学革命》,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1927</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月《洪水》</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卷</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">期。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[23]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">成仿吾:《从文学革命到革命文学》,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1928</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年《创造月刊》第</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卷</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">期。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[24]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">李初梨:《怎样地建设革命文学》,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1928</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年《文化批判》</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">号。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[25]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">毛泽东:《湖南农民运动考察报告》,《毛泽东选集》“第一卷”,北京:人民出版社,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1991</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年版。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[26][</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">美</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">威廉·</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">H. </font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">布兰察德:《革命道德》“导论”,北京:中央编译出版社,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2004</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年版,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">页。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[27]</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">鲁迅:《革命时代的文学》,《鲁迅全集》“第</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卷”,北京:人民文学出版社,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1981</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年版。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p>
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